Boating Accidents
Serious injuries or death can result when boats strike people in the water, either with their propellars, sides (if they are moving fast) or their jet propulsion systems. Other boating injuries occur when boats strike each other, submerged reefs, or the shoreline.
Even apart from violent collision, several drownings occur each year in Lake Mead. Many people don't realize how quickly a person can be overcome by hypothermia (cold) and lose their ability to swim. If the wind comes up, waves appear and can swamp or overturn a boat. A person dumped into windy water will experience severe evaporative cooling on the parts of their body above water. (Think of stepping out of a swimming pool when the wind is blowing hard.) Even without wind, the water can chill a body rapidly and cause loss of muscle coordination.
Alcohol, of course, also causes loss of coordination. In fact, drownings in the United States increased in the 1970's after the Red Cross began a massive campaign to teach people how to swim. Apparently drunks who don't know how to swim usually stay away from water. Drunks who do know how to swim falsely think a few drinks won't hurt their swimming ability. They may also underestimate the problem of the water being too cold.
Federal admiralty law, also called federal maritime law, generally applies to boating accidents on navigable interstate waterways such as Lake Mead, Lake Mohave, Lake Havasu, and the Pacific Ocean including all of its bays. In many cases the federal admiralty law is supplemented by state law; in other cases state law is displaced by federal admiralty law.
Federal admiralty law impacts boating accidents or collisions on interstate navigable waterways in the following important ways:
1) Federal courts have jurisdiction of admiralty cases even if the requirements for federal diversity jurisdiction are not met. However, many admiralty cases can also be brought in state court.
2) Admiralty claims include the usual personal injury claims. Most admiralty claims involve injured seaman, but admiralty law applies to pleasure boat mishaps if they happen on navigable interstate water. For example, in a 2009 case the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit applied admiralty law to a jet ski accident in an area of San Diego bay that normal ships would not use.
3) Under admiralty law, fault is apportioned among the defendants if there are more than one, but the defendants are jointly and severally liable. For example, if injury is caused 90% by the error of a person operating a boat and 10% by a defect in the way the boat was manufactured, the victim can collect all of his or her damages from the boat manufacturer OR the operator, whoever is easier to collect against. In this example, if the boat manufacturer paid 100% of the damages, it would then be the manufacturer's problem to get paid back the other 90% from the careless operator.
4) Under admiralty law there is a provision allowing the injury victim to have U.S. Marshalls seize the boat which did the injury at the beginning of the lawsuit. This procedure, called "ship arrest" requires that the lawsuit be filed in federal court. (It is called an "in rem" proceeding, or a proceeding against the ship or boat.) Ship arrest is not for every case; it is expensive, but it may be a way to secure a potential source of recovery for the injured victim. Even if the boat or ship is not seized, the victim has a lien on it for his or her injuries.
5) Admiralty law applies the "Pennsylvania Rule" which comes from an 1873 U.S. Supreme Court case which is still good law. This rule is that if the defendant violated a safety statute that arguably could have contributed to the accident, the burden is on the defendant to prove that such violations could not have caused the accident. Thus, if the defendant violated a safety rule that might have marginally contributed to the accident, the defendant has the almost impossible burden of proving that the safety violation could not have contributed to the accident.
6) Admiralty law may be used defensively by a boat owner who was not negligent in causing the injury and was not negligent in maintaining the boat and who was not negligent in entrusting the boat to an operator. In such cases the boat owners may limit their liability to the value of the boat and its contents. The Defendant can make use of this defensive admiralty law even if the Plaintiff does not invoke federal admiralty law. For example, in a recent case in federal court involving a terrible injury caused by a rented pontoon boat on Lake Havasu, the boat rental company successfully limited its liability to the small value of the rented pontoon boat.
Contact Information:
Reed & Mansfield
6655 W. Sahara Ave., Suite B-200
Las Vegas, NV 89146
phone: 702-343-0494